requestId:684c3e07e8d321.93717522.
The chapter on “The Main Stable and the Person” is a review of the origin of the chapter
Author: Zhai Kuifeng (Shandong University Advanced Research Institute for Confucianism)
Source: “History of Chinese Philosophy” 2019 Issue 2
Time: Confucius was in the 2570 year of the year, October 19th, Bingchen
November 15, 9th,
Content summary:Zhou Dunzai’s “Taifeng Pictures” “The sage determined that it was based on the righteousness and benevolence and tranquility, and established people with sturdyness.” Zhu Zi explained this sentence “The righteousness and benevolence” from the perspective of yin and yang static, wise and benevolence, and venerable are steadiness, that is, jingling is steadiness, mercy and greed are steadiness. Zhu Zi’s remarks strengthened the importance of “mindness” in human cultivation and weakened the moral value of the main cultivation of Zhongzheng and benevolence. Zhu Zi had no problem with this sentence, but his later generations sometimes mentioned “the main purpose is to be tranquil and steadily neglected the main nature of “centered and benevolent” in the cultivation of people. In the early Ming Dynasty, students of the school of learning clearly stated that “the main purpose of tranquility is to establish a strong sense of humanity” as a sentence. Some students in the Ming Dynasty liked to say “the main purpose of tranquility is to establish a strong sense of humanity”, and used it as the main purpose of Zhou Zi’s learning. In the late Ming Dynasty, Liu Zong Zhou gathered this together. In modern times, some famous scholars often discuss Zhou Dun’s thinking with the “subject and steadfastness”. Since the Ming Dynasty, there have been many criticisms and reflections in the academic community. People who fully understand Zhou Dunli need to understand it in the context of Yixue. Obviously, “centralization and benevolence” is the focus and subject of their person’s extreme thinking, and “centralization” is a way of cultivation to realize “concentrate on the centralization and benevolence”.
Keywords:Stately Stately Stately Stately The National Social Science Fund’s critical projectInsure website“Multi-volume “New Encyclopedia of the History of Song and Ming Dynasty” (17ZDA013)””Phase results.
Zhou Dunzai was recognized as the leader of Taoism. His representative work “Taisheng Diagram” has had a great impact on later generations and is a classic text of the Song and Ming dynasties. Although “Taiyang Pictures” is only 249 words, there are many related discussions and even disputes later. For example, in the opening chapter “Nothing but Taiyang”, Zhu Xi and the Jiuyu Pian once sang a drama about “Nothing” and “Taiyang”. In addition to “nothing” and “too extreme”, the more common discussions are caused. “Taijin Diagram” says: “Only people can get their beauty and their spirits. Once the body is born, the spirit is aware of it. The five sexes are moved and goodIf you are bad, you will have a lot of things. The sage sets it on the ground, benevolence and righteousness, and is at ease, and establishes people with great strength. “The last sentence of this paragraph, “The sages determine that they are central to righteousness and benevolence and tranquility, and establish people with great sanity” once caused widespread discussions. Some Confucians often dismiss the chapters and quoted this sentence as “the main purpose is tranquility and tranquility”, which is the most important word “the main purpose is tranquility and benevolence” of “the main purpose is tranquility and benevolence” of the four most important words. Wherever the flow comes, some famous scholars in modern times often use “the main purpose is tranquility and benevolence” to say Zhou Dunxu Some scholars even read this sentence as “The sage determines it to be righteous and benevolent, and the main purpose of steadfast is to be steadfast.” This is a very misunderstanding of the main theme of Zhou Dun’s thinking.
1. Zhu Zi and the people said that “the sage determines it to be righteous and benevolent, and the main purpose of steadfast is to be steadfast”
Although the two Chengs had traveled to Zhou Dun, the two brothers did not discuss the basics of “Taiyang Pictures”, “Taiyang Pictures” and even “Tongshu” in their studies. Until Zhu Zi of the Southern Song Dynasty, he highly praised Zhou Dun, and vigorously praised his “Taiyang Pictures” and “Taiyang Pictures”, and had detailed annotations on the two, and discussed a lot about the people and door-to-door life.
In Zhu Xi, the sentence is very clear, that is, “The sage determines that it is based on the principle of righteousness and benevolence and tranquility” as the sentence, “establishing people is the ultimate” afterwards, which means that “people are the ultimate” includes two aspects: “centrality and benevolence” and “centrality”. However, Zhu Xi’s discussion on “centrality and benevolence” is more special. When annotating “Tai Yang Picture”, he compared “zhong” with “benevolence”, “feeling”, and ” In contrast, the yang and the yang are regarded as the expression of “yang”, while the yang and the yang are regarded as the expression of “static”, “silence”, and “standard” are regarded as the expression of “static”. The former is used and the latter is the body. In short, yang and sensation are used, static and silence are the body, the yang is righteous and benevolent, and the yang is static and static, which is the whole body and is not composed of, but “the static is always the main body”, The idea of focusing on “body” and establishing “body”. The annotations in Zhu Zi’s “Taiyang Pictures” are different from those in “Taiyang Pictures” in terms of thinking purpose, and in some expressions, they are more clear. The central, benevolent, and tranquil are the same, which is the whole of virtue and Taoism of sages and Taiyang, but “always are always based on tranquility”, “the tranquility is the rebirth of integrity, and the true nature is” emphasizes the “main tranquility”, ” Three-body is the foundation. ①
Zhang Feng once suspected that Zhu Xi used tranquility to explain the righteousness and benevolence in the Central Plains. In this regard, Zhu Xi said:
But if you are familiar with the four-character meaning, you will be tranquil and tranquility, which is very clear about the truth. These four words are the four characters of Yuan, Heng, Li, and Feng (Ren Yuan, Zhongheng, Yili, Zhengfeng) . Yuan, Heng, Li, and Gui are all connected and reversal, are they so silenceless? Recently, I have deeply studied this principle and found that one word is silent and living along the way, which is too wonderful. It is not a pity for the difference. ②
Zhu Zi also matched Zhongzheng Renyi and Yuan Henry, “Ren, Yuan; Zhong, Heng; Yi, profit; Zheng, Guan”, Zhu Zi CaringA step to say:
These four characters are combined with metal, wood, water and fire, and there is a profound truth in the matter and wisdom. For example, the Yuan of Qian, Henry is the genitals, the Yuan is the genitals, the genitals are the genitals, and the genitals are the genitals, and the genitals are the genitals, which are all the principles. As for the main tranquility, it takes righteousness and meaning as the body, and middle and benevolence as the purpose. A saint is just a tranquil person and has its own profound principles. For example, when people speak, they must first silence and then speak. There is a basic meaning in silence. ③
The righteousness and benevolence in the middle is divided into static, while the sage is the main focus on static. The correctness of the body can be the center, and the meaning of the body can be kind. “The victory has been restored” means meaning, so it is able to be kind. The Book of Changes says, “People who profit is character.” Yuanheng is the source of use, and it must be beneficial to the body of Qian. Only when all things are harvested in autumn and winter can they realize their true nature, so it is called “character”. This is also the main silence. (Ibid., page 31, 31, 37-3138)
In this way, Zhu Xi used his static and static method and Yuan Henry’s explanation of “Zhongzheng and benevolence” was one and clear. He also interpreted “Zhongzheng” as gifts and wisdom, which is also related to its broader thinking landscape, that is, from a revival perspective, the corresponding benevolent wisdom with the Yuan Henry, spring, summer, autumn and winter, namely: spring, benevolence, Yuan; summer, benevolence, prosperity; winter, benevolence, wisdom. Zhu Xi used profit as the “real body of Qi
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